Essay
The Civil Rights Movement: Major Events and Legacies
From the earliest years of European settlement in North America, whites enslaved and oppressed black people. Although the Civil War finally brought about the abolition...
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Showing results 21 – 16 of 16
Essay
The Great Depression, the New Deal, and World War II in the American West
The Great Depression and World War II, far and away the worst economic calamity and the...
Glossary Term – Event
Fort Pillow Massacre
Confederates captured Fort Pillow, Tennessee. Witnesses later reported that Confederates shot down surrending Union soldiers, women, and children, including 300 African Americans.
Glossary Term – Event
First Kwanzaa
Kwanzaa was established as a holiday to celebrate African American community and culture.
Glossary Term – Event
First sit-ins
Four black college students from the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged the first of the Civil Rights Movement’s sit-ins. The students sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and attempted to order but were refused service. The sit-in movement grew to more than 140 cities. Participants faced harassment, violence, and arrest in their attempts to integrate public lunch counters.
Glossary Term – Organization
Chicago Defender
The Chicago Defender was an influential black newspaper founded in 1905 that, during the early and mid-twentieth century, was a major force in encouraging the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North.
Glossary Term – Organization
labor agents
Labor agents were facilitators of black migration during the Jim Crow era. Labor agents were paid by northern industrialists to recruit southern blacks to work in factories in the North. Though labor agents helped bring black workers to the North, many African Americans eventually returned to the South after finding work and living conditions in the industrialized North untenable.
Glossary Term – Organization
scabs
Scabs are workers who break labor strikes or who are hired to replace striking workers. During the Jim Crow era, African Americans were sometimes hired as scab workers (often for much lower compensation than the white workers they were replacing).
Glossary Term – Organization
Freedmen’s Bureau
The Freedmen’s Bureau was a federal agency formed in 1865 to assist freed slaves during Reconstruction by providing education and economic adjustment.
