Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743–1803) was a revolutionary who helped bring Haiti its independence from France. Born a slave in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (later Haiti) in 1743, Toussaint was freed around 1777. After a slave revolt broke out in the northern province of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Toussaint became the leader of a black guerrilla army. Two years later when France went to war with Spain, Toussaint and other black rebels fought alongside the Spanish of Santo Domingo. In 1794, however, after France ended slavery in its colonies...