The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, guaranteeing citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States.” The amendment's Equal Protection Clause guaranteed that no state could “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
In Shelly v. Kraemer, the Supreme Court reinforced the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of “equal protection of the laws" when it ruled that state courts could not enforce racially restrictive housing covenants.