In Moore v. Dempsey, the Supreme Court ruled that twelve African Americans in Arkansas had been unfairly tried and convicted of murder based on a “wave of public passion.” The case was returned to the Arkansas court, which eventually freed the defendants.
The Second Mississippi Plan was devised by the Mississippi legislature to avoid honoring the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments without attracting federal intervention. The plan included a residency length requirement, poll tax, literacy test, and clean criminal record requirement. The Second Mississippi Plan successfully disfranchised most African Americans in that state.