Featured Primary Sources

The American Civil War

Nothing can enrich and enliven our understanding of the nation’s past, or dispel apathy about it, more powerfully than primary sources. The primary sources below open up a variety of viewpoints and have been chosen by master teachers specifically for use in the classroom. Affiliate School members can print a packet that includes an image of the document, photograph, or other resource, a transcript where applicable, and text to place the document in historical context. Additionally, you may want to search the Gilder Lehrman Collection itself for other resources to enrich your lessons.

Abraham Lincoln, General Orders No. 141, September 25, 1862 (Gilder Lehrman Coll

A proclamation on the suspension of habeas corpus, 1862

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
P. G. T. Beauregard, General Orders 44, May 19, 1862. (GLC00666)

Confederate reaction to “Beast” Butler’s orders, 1862

Creator: P. G. T. Beauregard Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Paul Jones Semmes to Emily J. Semmes, July 9, 1863 (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Death of a soldier, 1863: Paul Semmes

Creator: Paul Jones Semmes Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Ulysses S. Grant to Stephen A. Hurlbut, May 31, 1863 (GLC07055)

Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on the Siege of Vicksburg, 1863

Creator: Ulysses S. Grant Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
William T. Sherman to James H. Wilson, January 21, 1865. (GLC02947)

General Sherman on the “March to the Sea,” 1865

Creator: William T. Sherman Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Abraham Lincoln, Delay of execution for Nathaniel Gordon, Feb. 4, 1862. (GLC)

Lincoln on the execution of a slave trader, 1862

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
The Inaugural address of President Abraham Lincoln delivered at the National Cap

President Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, 1865

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Government and Civics Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Draft of Robert E. Lee's address to his troops, ca. May 14, 1864. (GLC04429)

Robert E. Lee’s message to his troops before the Battle of Spotsylvania, 1864

Creator: Robert E. Lee Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
David M. Stauffer, Two volumes of original artwork by an ensign on the USS Al

The Civil War and early submarine warfare, 1863

Creator: David M. Stauffer and Lewis H. West Curriculum Subjects: Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Grade Levels:
Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863 (Gilder Lehrman Collectio

The Gettysburg Address, 1863

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Government and Civics, Religion and Philosophy Grade Levels: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Mary Kelly to Sallie L. Gordon, March 31, 1862 (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

The price of war: a letter from Mary Kelly to Sarah Gordon

Creator: Mary Kelly Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant, April 9, 1865. (GLC07967)

The surrender of Robert E. Lee, 1865

Creator: Robert E. Lee Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Pvt. Elbert Corbin to his wife, July 6, 1863. (GLC)

Union soldier turns medic at Gettysburg, 1863

Creator: Elbert Corbin Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:

Primary Sources from Other Sub-Eras

Letter from John S. Mosby to Sam Chapman, June 4, 1907. (GLC03921.21p1)

A former Confederate officer on slavery and the Civil War, 1907

Creator: John S. Mosby Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Charge of the Massachusetts 54th, Currier & Ives, 1863. (GLC)

African American soldiers at the Battle of Fort Wagner, 1863

Creator: Currier & Ives Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Charles Sumner, [One man power versus Congress], c. October 2, 1866 (Gilder Lehr

Charles Sumner on Reconstruction and the South, 1866

Creator: Charles Sumner Curriculum Subjects: Government and Civics Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
 Braxton Bragg to Henry J. Hunt, April 21, 1861. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Correspondence between Gen. Braxton Bragg and Col. Henry J. Hunt, 1861

Creator: Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Mary Todd Lincoln to James Orne, February 4, 1870. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Mary Todd Lincoln on life after the White House, 1870

Creator: Mary Todd Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Economics Grade Levels:
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861. (Gilder Lehrman Collect

President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, 1861

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Government and Civics Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
Issac & Rosa, Slave children from New Orleans, 1863 (GLC05111.02.1051)

Slave Children of New Orleans, 1863

Creator: Charles Paxson Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels:
Emancipation Proclamation [California printing, Cheesman copy], January 1, 1863

The Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863

Creator: Abraham Lincoln Curriculum Subjects: Government and Civics Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
“Men of Color, to Arms! to Arms!” broadside, ca. 1863 (Private Collection)

“Men of Color, To Arms! To Arms,” 1863

Creator: Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: