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From: Paulette Sunal

Question: I've read that slave boats were outlawed in 1808. I've also recently read about a woman's grandmother being born on a slave ship in the 1840's. Is it possible that some slave ships were still importing Africans after the ban?

Answer: Here's a good timeline on the history of the slave trade in the Atlantic. As you'll see, the trade continued even when it was illegal:

http://amistad.mysticseaport.org/timeline/atlantic.slave.trade.html

From: Kathy Reimer

Question: I'm not sure you would have the answer to my question, but perhaps you would be able to tell me who would. I have acquired an old iron dinner bell that would have sat atop a house to call the men to the table. It has U.S. Bell Co---Hillsborough on it. I did a search but nothing conclusive. How would I go about getting any historical information on this company? Thank you so much.


Answer: There sure isn’t a lot of material out there on the history of bell-manufacturing in the United States, is there? And there are towns named Hillsborouogh all over the map.
This book seems to be a fairly general history—don’t know if it will be of any help:

Price, Percival. Bells and Man (New York : Oxford University Press, 1983).

I think your best bet will be to get in touch with the American Bell Association, an international group of collectors and dealers in bells. This page gives a list of their local and regional chapters – there isn’t an Iowa chapter yet, but you might want to try some of those in nearby Midwestern states:

http://www.americanbell.org/chapters.htm

From: Dominic A. Day

Question: I am doing a paper on the two-party system, and would like to include a quote I once heard by George Washington. In the quote he basically said that the two-party system is a bad choice for America. I was wondering if you could tell me where I could find this quote, or if you know the quote?

Answer: George Washington, like most of the Founding Fathers, hoped that American government under the Constitution would exist without formal political parties. Washington expressed this hope often. Probably his most famous warning on the subject of parties came in his 1796 Farewell Address. Here’s the URL for the full text of this famous document:


http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/washing.htm

From: Darlene Berry Lauth

Question: Did the Irish immigrants into early America anglicize their names much like other Europeans (German, Italian, French), and if they did, where would be the best place to explore Irish root names/meanings of the time?

Answer: The earliest immgirants from Ireland were "Scotch-Irish" – Presbyterians of Scottish background who’d settled in northern Ireland in the 17th century. Their resettlement was sponsored by the English government, so any need to make the spelling of their Scotch names easier for English-speakers was done before they came to America. On the whole, Irish family names had been "anglicized" in spelling fairly well before the 1840s when you see the first large groups of Catholic immigrants from Ireland (and these are family of Irish, not Scotch, background).

Here’s a nice (and serious) website on Irish family names:

http://www.last-names.net/Articles/Irish-Names.asp

And I think you’ll enjoy this one – 100 of the most common Irish family names with their Gaelic roots, meanings, and (when applicable) coats of arms:

http://www.ireland-information.com/heraldichall/irishsurnames.htm


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