
Ambassador Jefferson on the New Constitution and the
Commercial Treaty Negotiations
9 December 1787
http://www.gilderlehrman.org/search/display_results.php?id=GLC00322

This letter was written when Jefferson was the American
ambassador to France. It was written in response to Charles
William Frederic Dumas’ offer to negotiate a treaty
with the Austrian Netherlands (today’s Belgium).
In 1784, Congress had decided upon a set system of commercial
principles and offered free trade agreements to European
nations which were refused by all except Prussia. Congress
was therefore reluctant to form any binding commercial
treaties, with rare exceptions. Jefferson concludes the
letter with his thoughts on the tenuous political situation
in Europe. He refers to the real possibility of war between
France and other European nations, indicating another
reason why America might avoid entanglements with foreign
countries.



Paris Dec. 9. 1787
Sir
Your letter of Nov. 27. shewing that mine of Nov. 14.
had not then got to hand, had given me alarm for it's
fate, and I had sate down to write you a second acknolegement
of the receipt of your two favors of Octob. 23. and
26. and to add the receipt also of those of Nov. 18.
22. & 27. A copy of my answer of Nov. 14 was prepared
to be inclosed to you, but in that moment came your
favors of Nov. 30. Dec. 2. and 4th. by which I perceived
that the original had at length got safe to hand. By
that you have seen that all interference, direct or
indirect, on the part of mr. Adams & myself in the
business you had done me the honor to suggest, would
be improper. Your dispatches for mr. Jay shall go with
mine in the packet of this month. These will bring the
matter into the view of Congress. In the mean time I
think it would be well to avoid exciting, at Brussels
or any where else, the least expectation thereon, because
it is impossible for us to know what that body may in
it's wisdom, & with all circumstances under it's
eye, decide should be done. They had in the year 1784,
made up their minds as to the system of commercial principles
they wished to pursue. These were very free. They proposed
them to all the powers of Europe. All declined except
Prussia. To this general opposition they may now find
it necessary to present a very different general system,
to which their treaties will form cases of exception,
& they may wish to lessen rather than multiply those
cases of exception. Add to this, that it is in [2] contemplation
to change the organization of the federal government,
and they may think it better to leave the system of
foreign connection to be formed by those who are to
pursue it. I only mention these as possible considerations,
without pretending to know the sentiments of that honourable
body, or any one of it's members, on the subject: and
to shew that no expectations should be raised which
might embarrass them or embroil ourselves. The proposed
change of government seems to be the proper topic to
urge as the reason why Congress may not at this moment
chuse to be forming new treaties. Should they chuse
it, on the other hand, the reserve of those who act
for them, while uninstructed, cannot do injury. I find
the expectation very general that the present peace
will be of short duration. There are circumstances in
favour of this opinion; there are others against it.
Certain it is that this country is in a state so unprepared
as to excite astonishment. After the last war, she seems
to have reposed on her laurels, in confidence that no
power would venture to disturb that repose. It is presumeable
her present ministry will propose to vindicate their
nation and their friends. The late events have kindled
a fire which, tho smothered of necessity for the present
moment, will probably never be quenched but by signal
revenge. Individuals will in the meantime have incurred
sufferings which that may not repair. That yours may
be lessened for the present, & relieved in future
is the sincere wish of him who has the honor to be with
sentiments of great esteem & regard, Sir,
your most obedient & most humble servant
Th: Jefferson



1. Why wouldn’t Congress want to
become involved in binding treaties with foreign nations?
2. Does Jefferson’s refusal to
negotiate a treaty with the Austrian Netherlands reflect
diplomacy? Why or why not?
3. Considering the possibility of war
in Europe at this time, should the United States have
avoided negotiating treaties with foreign nations?
4. It has been said that commerce is
the lifeblood of a nation. To what extent do international
treaties promote the welfare of nations?


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