Timelines are a useful tool for teachers of every grade level. These visual chronologies help students put events into perspective and better undertand how historical moments fit together. This timeline chronicles major events in immigration and migration from 1607 to 2003.
Poster Caption: This pictorial history of African American people in America was designed as a poster for the Negro Exhibition Building at the Tennessee Centennial Exposition, Nashville, 1897. Each scene captures a moment or figure in African American history from the introduction of the first slaves in Jamestown in 1619 and the death of Crispus (here, Christopher) Attucks in the Revolutionary era, to the lives of Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and all the ordinary black people chronicled at lower right. (Goes Litho. Co., Chicago, Ill., 1897)
These posters are 22" x 30", full color
Poster Caption: As tensions heightened following the Boston Massacre of March 1770, Paul Revere published this engraving that recalls the military occupation of Boston by the British army and navy in 1768. Protests against British taxes and policies boiled up in the late 1760s and early 1770s until war broke out in April 1775 at Lexington and Concord. (Print by Paul Revere, Boston, Mass., 1770)
These posters are 22" x 30", full color, and printed on a semi-gloss ivory stock. Each one features a caption that places the image in historical context.
Poster Caption: In 1871, a partnership of ordinary citizens and railroad executives persuaded government officials to withhold a large portion of Wyoming Territory from a public land auction, in recognition of its importance as an example of the grandeur and diversity of America’s natural resources. An Act of Congress in 1872, signed by President Ulysses S. Grant, made Yellowstone the first national park in the world. Since then, the United States has designated nearly 400 national parks, sites, and monuments to preserve the nation’s natural, historical, and cultural heritage. (Photograph of
Poster Caption: This World War I recruiting poster invokes the memory of Abraham Lincoln and the bravery of black troops to inspire African Americans to sign up. Ultimately, some 350,000 African Americans enlisted and served in World War I, although in segregated units. (Charles Gustrine, Chicago, Ill., 1918)
These posters are 22" x 30", full color, and printed on a semi-gloss white stock. Each one features a caption that places the image in historical context.
Poster Caption: In September 1957, after school integration was federally mandated, nine courageous black teenagers in Little Rock, Arkansas, were the first African American students to enroll at Central High School. Elizabeth Eckford (pictured here) and her fellow students were screamed at and harassed, and the National Guard was called on to escort the students and quell rioting. Of the nine students, three went on to graduate from Central High, while six completed their education elsewhere. (Photograph, September 6, 1957)
These posters are 22" x 30", full color, and printed on a semi-gloss
Poster Caption: In the summer of 1963, nine years after the US Supreme Court overthrew the doctrine of “separate but equal” in public education (Brown v. Board of Education), parents of African American children joined with the NAACP to protest unfair educational practices in St. Louis, Missouri. They demanded, in particular, an increase in the number of minority teachers, the redrawing of school district boundaries, and an end to intact busing, which brought black students to white schools but kept them in segregated classes running on a different time schedule from the white students’
The constitutional legacy of the Dred Scott case has been long lasting. What started as a “freedom suit” filed by Dred Scott and his wife in the St. Louis Circuit Court in 1846 erupted into a US Supreme Court case that ended in 1857. Read about the case details and political consequences surrounding one of the most infamous court decisions of our time. This booklet also includes a timeline of important dates.
Poster Caption: This World War II poster seeks to stir American support for the war by systematically exposing the untruth of Nazi propaganda. (Office of War Information, Washington, DC, 1942)
These posters are 22" x 30", full color, and printed on a semi-gloss ivory stock. Each one features a caption that places the image in historical context.
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Born a slave, Romeo Smith of Windham, Maine, entered the Continental Army with the promise of freedom in exchange for military service. He served in the 7th Massachusetts for three years and was supposedly manumitted. Yet in January 1784, the threat of being reclaimed as a slave surfaced and Romeo sought the assistance of General Henry Knox. The document featured here is Knox’s retained draft certifying Smith’s freedom.
"This is to certify that the bearer hereof Romeo Smith is a free man, and has served three years in the Army of the United States of America. Any person [struck: going a]
Vivandieres, sometimes known as cantinieres, were women who followed the army to provide support for the troops. Ideally, a vivandiere would have been a young woman—the daughter of an officer or wife of a non-commissioned officer—who wore a uniform and braved battles to provide care for wounded soldiers on the battlefield.
The history of vivandieres can be traced to the French Zouave regiments in the Crimean War. By 1859, many local militia regiments in the United States had adopted the name "Zouave," wore colorful uniforms, and adopted the practice of having a "daughter of the regiment" in
George Tillotson from Greene, New York, enlisted with the 89th New York Infantry in November of 1861. This ambrotype (photograph made on glass) and a series of letters from the summer of 1862 remind us that soldiers and their families faced hardships on the home front as well as on the battlefield. George had been in the army for five months and was stationed at Roanoke Island, North Carolina, when his wife, Libby, sent him the photograph featured here. The photograph was damaged in the mail and began a heartbreaking series of correspondence.
April 19, 1862 – "Your letter of the 6th inst
One hundred years ago this weekend, the RMS Titanic sank, claiming the lives over 1,500 passengers and crew. In this account, Dr. Washington Dodge recounts his tale of survival. Written on board the RMS Carpathia during the three-day journey back to New York, this eyewitness account is one of the earliest and most compelling accounts of the disaster. Dodge’s handwriting and sentence phrasing offer a glimpse into his state of mind as he penned his testimony.
Excerpt:
When boat 13 was lowered to A deck to be loaded I went to this deck – After 8 or 10 women had been placed aboard, no [struck:
In 1836, Abraham Lincoln found himself in a tenuous situation. He was engaged to a woman he barely knew and didn’t want to marry. Mrs. Elizabeth Abell had been pushing for a romance between Lincoln and her sister, Mary Owens, whom Lincoln had met briefly in 1833. When Elizabeth went home to visit her family in Kentucky three years later, she said she would bring Mary back to Illinois if Lincoln would agree to marry her. Lincoln jokingly agreed. He realized the consequences of his rash statement when Mary came to New Salem and considered herself engaged. Lincoln immediately regretted his
What would be a better Mother’s Day present than learning that your child would be returning home from war? In 1919, thirty-year-old Lawrence Hopkins of the 305th Engineers was at the Forwarding Camp in Le Mans, France, awaiting orders to return home. On Wednesday, May 7, he wrote his mother in Ashtabula, Ohio, an early Mother’s Day letter in hopes he would be at sea by Sunday. With great excitement he announced the possibility of being home by Decoration Day (Memorial Day):
Forwarding Camp, Le Mans, FranceMay 7, 1919
Dear Mother:
It is my fond hope that this will be my last letter written
When the Civil War broke out, David McNeely Stauffer (1845–1913) was only sixteen years old. While attending Franklin and Marshall College in Pennsylvania from September 1861 through June 1863, he served brief, emergency enlistments when the state of Pennsylvania was threatened by Robert E. Lee’s forces. He joined the 2nd Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment in September 1862 and served until winter. In June 1863, he joined in the defense of Gettysburg with the
Independent Battery of Pennsylvania. When Stauffer’s enlistment expired in January 1864, he briefly joined the Engineering Corps of the
Between the pages of his math exercise book John Barstow jotted down a patriotic tune called "The Amaricans Challing" on January 2, 1777. Carefully written in a youth’s unsteady hand, the text appears to be a transcript of a popular camp song from the Revolutionary era. How this declaration of patriotism found its way into Barstow’s math lessons is unknown. The book is filled with conversion tables for weights and measures, time and money tables, and multiplication and division tables in addition to mathematical problems. One can imagine a young child learning the song from a father or older
If you don’t see the full story below, click here (PDF) or click here (Google Docs) to read it—free!
OCTOBER 10 AND NOVEMBER 5, 1863: DAVIS TRIES TO RALLY CONFEDERATE MORALE
The summer of 1863 had been a poor one for the Confederacy. Robert E. Lee’s army was not just repulsed from its invasion of Pennsylvania but bloodily beaten at Gettysburg. At the same time, William S. Rosecrans maneuvered Braxton Bragg’s Confederates out of Middle Tennessee at the cost of fewer than six hundred Union casualties. Farther west, Ulysses S. Grant had at last captured Vicksburg, the strongest Confederate citadel of the Mississippi, and delivered complete control of the "Father of Waters" to the Union. Lee
When most people think of wartime food rationing, they think of World War II. However, civilians were encouraged to do their part for the war effort during World War I as well. This colorful poster by artist Charles E. Chambers was issued by the United States Food Administration to encourage voluntary food conservation. "Food Will Win the War" was the name of the campaign initiated by the newly appointed head of the agency, Herbert Hoover. Food was necessary not only to feed America’s growing Army, but to help relieve famine in Europe, in part to prevent the overthrow of European governments
If you don’t see the full story below, click here (PDF) or click here (Google Docs) to read it—free!
MARCH 9, 1864—ULYSSES S. GRANT IS COMMISSIONED AS LIEUTENANT-GENERAL
On March 8, 1864, Ulysses S. Grant and his eldest son, Fred, arrived at Washington, DC. It was the general’s first visit to Washington since 1852, when he had been a young officer. What happened next is fairly well known. The front desk clerk at Willard’s Hotel did not recognize his distinguished guest and assigned him a small room before realizing that the hero of Vicksburg and Chattanooga was standing before him. After struggling to eat a meal at the hotel restaurant as excited onlookers buzzed around him, Grant made his
In October 1862, Mathew Brady opened a photography exhibition at his studio in New York City. Entitled The Dead of Antietam, the exhibition attracted large crowds and brought the war home in a way that news articles and casualty listings could not. On October 20, 1862, an editorial in the New York Times explained that "the dead of the battle-field come up to us very rarely, even in dreams. We see the list in the morning paper at breakfast, but dismiss its recollection with the coffee. There is a confused mass of names, but they are all strangers; we forget the horrible significance that
The Emancipation Proclamation stands as the single most important accomplishment of Lincoln’s presidency. The preliminary proclamation, announced on September 22, 1862, served as a warning for Southern states that if they did not abandon the war, they would lose their slaves. More important, it was the first step toward the official abolition of slavery in the United States. While many Northerners were not initially abolitionists, their support of Abraham Lincoln and the Union military, as well as the demonstrated determination of slaves to escape bondage in the South and the courage of
