AP African American Studies Resource Archive | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

A black-and-white photograph of a serious-looking, dark-haired Black woman wearing a dark coat, dress with a white collar, earrings, and a white veil on the back of her head

Mary Ellen Pleasant, Freedom-Fighting Entrepreneur

by Lynn M. Hudson

An introduction to Mary Ellen Pleasant, an abolitionist and businesswoman who flourished on the East and West Coasts.

Essay

A Black man smiling while wearing a black suit, light blue shirt, and patterned red tie.

A Founder’s Journey from Slave Trader to Abolitionist

with Michael Thurmond

Learn how James Oglethorpe, founder of Georgia, helped to secure Ayuba bin Suleiman Diallo’s freedom.

Video

An engraving of a Black man with mutton-chops wearing a dark jacket, dark vest, and white shirt, looking toward the right

Garnet’s Address in Context

by Jake Alspaugh

Understand the origins of Garnet’s speech.

Essay

A green book cover with gold text reading "Harriet, the Moses of Her People"

Harriet, the Moses of Her People

1886

Read an authorized description of Tubman’s escape written by a White woman who had interviewed Tubman.

Primary Source

Title page of The Refugee: or the Narrative of Fugitive Slaves in Canada

Harriet Tubman’s reflection in The Refugee

1856

Read Tubman’s memories of enslavement and freedom in her own words.

Primary Source

Map of the East Coast and Midwest of the United States with the size of the free Black population in each state and territory in 1800 (in blue) and 1830 (in red), with a bar chart at left showing the change in free Black population from 1790 to 1860

Free African American Population, 19th Century

by Michael Siegel

Explore the change in free Black populations over time across the North, South, and Midwest.

Thematic Map

A metal bust of a man on a marble base, topped with two Black-eyed Susan flowers. The bust reads "Zumbi dos Palmares: O Líder Negro De Todas As Raças."

The Palmares Quilombo

by Ana Lucia Araujo

Learn more about the development and defense of this maroon community.

Essay

Map of North America with routes on the Underground Railroad; The legend says that free states and territories are in green and slave states and territories are in tan. Underground railroad routes are in red, with arrows pointing north, west, and (from Georgia), south. The data is from the Atlas of African-American History and Politics.

The Underground Railroad in the Eighteenth Century

by Michael Siegel

Visualize the Underground Railroad in its earliest days through this map.

Thematic Map

Map of North America with routes on the Underground Railroad.

The Underground Railroad in the Nineteenth Century

by Michael Siegel and Rutgers Cartography

Visualize the Underground Railroad in the antebellum US through this map.

Thematic Map

A map of the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean with arrows noting African emigration from the United States to Canada, Europe, African, and the Caribbean and South America after the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 (post-Revolution in red, post-War of 1812 in blue).

African-American Migrations Post-Revolutionary War and War of 1812

by Michael Siegel

Visualize the trends in migration following two key moments in early American history.

Thematic Map

Map of the Caribbean, focused on Haiti, with arrows noting migratory trends from North America to Haiti, l'Il-a-Vache, and Hispaniola.

Emigration to Haiti, 1820s–1860s

by Michael Siegel, Rutgers Cartography

Explore another emigration pathway, and an aftereffect of the Haitian Revolution, through this map.

Thematic Map

Map of the East Coast of the United States featuring the sites of eight major maroon communities and nine revolts of enslaved people from New York City to the Louisiana bayous

Maroon Communities and Major Slave Revolts

by Michael Siegel, Rutgers Cartography

Visualize the major sites of marronage and uprising across the East Coast through this map.

Thematic Map