AP African American Studies Resource Archive | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Barbara Smith, a Black woman, wearing a polka dot (white dots on black fabric) shirt and speaking into a lectern microphone. In her left hand, she is holding a pamphlet entitled "United States of All."

“The Combahee River Collective Statement”

1977

Read this foundational document of Black feminism.

Primary Source

Gwendolyn Brooks, a bespectacled Black woman, wearing a brown and magenta floral shirt and a brown head cover.

“We’re the Only Colored People Here”

1945

Read a short story that would grow into Gwendolyn Brooks’s novel Maud Martha (1953).

Primary Source

President Barack Obama, standing wearing a black suit, white shirt, and striped gray and white tie, awarding the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Maya Angelou, seated wearing a black dress, sparkly necklace and earrings, and sunglasses, as other honorees (including Sylvia Mendez) sit and look on.

Maya Angelou at the Library of Congress

1984

Listen to Maya Angelou read from her work, including her poem “Still I Rise,” and Dunbar’s “We Wear the Mask.”

A map of the contiguous United States with circles of different sizes for Black population in metropolitan areas, colored in shades of red based on Black middle class percentage of the overall population.

The Black Middle Class Needs Attention Too

2020

Read excerpts and view charts from a report on the state of the Black middle class.

Secondary Source

Two Black women in military uniform (dark jackets, light shirts and ties, dark skirts and boots) looking on at two rows of other Black women in military uniform standing at attention.

The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion

1945

View this photograph of Black women serving in the Women’s Army Corps during World War II.

Primary Source

Black Internationalism and the Expansive Meanings of Freedom

by Merve Fejzula

Learn more about how those in the Black Freedom struggle came together across the African continent and diaspora in the 1930s through the 1970s.

Essay

A black-and-white photograph of three women, Audre Lorde, a Black woman with an afro at left; Meridel Lesueur, a White woman with white hair and glasses in the center; and Adrienne Rich, a White woman with short black hair, at right.

Black Feminism: A History of Theory and Activism

by Dayo F. Gore

Learn more about the Combahee River Collective and other groups and individuals involved in shaping Black feminism in the twentieth century.

Essay

A green flyer for Bad Brains (featuring a Lion of Judah with a Star of David crown, its tail knocking over a building) and Minor Threat, noting the date, time, and location.

Bad Brains in Concert

1982

Learn more about this foundational all-Black punk band through this concert flyer.

Primary Source

A color photgraph of Shareef Abdur-Rahim, a light-skinned Black man wearing a white Portland Trail Blazers uniform, holds a basketball as Reggie Evans (a dark-skinned Black man in a green and yellow Seattle SuperSonics uniform) defends.

A Thematic Conversation with Shareef Abdur-Rahim

2025

Learn more about Abdur-Rahim’s path to the NBA, Team USA, the G League, and making a place for Muslim professional athletes.

Video

Image of a Benjamin Banneker postal stamp featuring a portrait of Banneker with a smaller, full-body illustration of Banneker with a telescope in the foreground.

African American Scientists

with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Learn more about some of the most notable African American scientists and their discoveries, from Benjamin Banneker to Neil deGrasse Tyson.

Video

A black-and-white photogrpah of Fidel Castro (a dark-haired, bearded, light-skinned Latino man wearing a dark shirt and pants) and Malcolm X (a light-skinned Black man wearing horn-rimmed glasses, a dark trench coat, and a white shirt and dark tie) smiling while sitting on a bed in a hotel room.

Diasporic Solidarity and the Cuban Revolution

with Danielle Pilar Clealand

Learn more about the African American community’s response to the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s and 1960s.

Video

A color photograph of a multicolored mural featuring images of crowds of protesters, Yuri Kochiyama (a Japanese American woman depicted wearing a red shirt and white bandana) speaking into a megaphone, and Malcolm X (a Black man depicted wearing a light-colored suit, blue shirt, and red tie and holding a newspaper). Above them is a depiction of Earth flanked by bridges.

Black and Latino Solidarity Movements

with Danielle Pilar Clealand

Learn more about Chicano, Puerto Rican, and other solidarity movements and their relation to the Black freedom struggle.

Video

AP African American Studies Resource Library

“The Combahee River Collective Statement”

1977

“We’re the Only Colored People Here”

1945

Maya Angelou at the Library of Congress

1984

The Black Middle Class Needs Attention Too

2020

The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion

1945

Black Internationalism and the Expansive Meanings of Freedom

by Merve Fejzula

Black Feminism: A History of Theory and Activism

by Dayo F. Gore

Bad Brains in Concert

1982

A Thematic Conversation with Shareef Abdur-Rahim

2025

African American Scientists

with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Diasporic Solidarity and the Cuban Revolution

with Danielle Pilar Clealand

Black and Latino Solidarity Movements

with Danielle Pilar Clealand

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