Essential Methods of the Major Civil Rights Organizations
with Hasan Kwame Jeffries
Learn more about the major civil rights organizations of the 1950s and 1960s and their typical day-to-day operations.
Nonviolent Resistance and Civil Rights Activism
with Hasan Kwame Jeffries
Learn more about the impact of civil rights organizations on securing civil rights legislation and growing grassroots power.
James Forten, Sailmaker
by Julie Winch
Read about James Forten, an African American craftsman and businessman in nineteenth-century Philadelphia who employed an integrated workforce.
Mary Ellen Pleasant, Freedom-Fighting Entrepreneur
by Lynn M. Hudson
An introduction to Mary Ellen Pleasant, an abolitionist and businesswoman who flourished on the East and West Coasts.
Jeremiah G. Hamilton, Wall Street‘s First Black Millionaire
by Shane White
Explore Jeremiah Hamilton‘s career, including his response to the Draft Riots of 1863.
Black Women in Entrepreneurship
by Andrea Smith-Hunter
Learn about the challenges and opportunities Black women entrepreneurs face, from financial barriers to networking, mentorship, and growth.
General Order No. 3
1865
Read the General Order announcing emancipation in Texas, giving birth to Juneteenth.
Garnet’s Address in Context
by Jake Alspaugh
Understand the origins of Garnet’s speech.
Harriet, the Moses of Her People
1886
Read an authorized description of Tubman’s escape written by a White woman who had interviewed Tubman.
Harriet Tubman’s reflection in The Refugee
1856
Read Tubman’s memories of enslavement and freedom in her own words.
Free African American Population, 19th Century
by Michael Siegel
Explore the change in free Black populations over time across the North, South, and Midwest.
1964 SNCC Position Paper on Women in the Movement
by Michelle Moravec
Explore the origins of this SNCC memo and its authorship.
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