AP African American Studies Resource Archive | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Marcus Garvey, a Black man, wearing a dark jacket and vest, white shirt, and dark tie. He is also wearing a button on his lapel.

“Address to the Second UNIA Convention”

1921

Read Marcus Garvey’s address rejecting the colonization of Africa and advocating Black nationalism.

Primary Source

Carter G. Woodson, a Black man, wearing a dark jacket, white shirt (with a small collar), and polka-dotted tie (white dots on a dark fabric) with a tie bar or button.

“The Mis-Education of the Negro”

1933

Read the preface to Carter G. Woodson’s 1933 book.

Primary Source

A black historical marker with white text and the seal of the Georgia Historical Society at top.

White Supremacy in the Early Twentieth Century: Causes and Responses

with Adriane Lentz-Smith

Take a deep dive into the proliferation of white supremacist violence in the 1910s and 1920s, and responses from Black communities.

Video

Two water fountains: at left, a larger water fountain labeled "white" and a smaller fountain labeled "colored." The labels appear above the fountains.

Segregated Water Fountains

n.d.

See another example of how Jim Crow discrimination was made manifest in the built environment.

Primary Source

Six older Black men wearing dark suits sitting on steps in two rows of three.

The WPA Slave Narratives

by Robert C. Williams

Develop an understanding of the nuances behind recording narratives of formerly enslaved people during the Great Depression.

Essay

A typed act of Congress.

Maintaining the Freedmen’s Bureau

1866

Read the legislation that extended the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau.

Primary Source

A train platform with, at center, a wrought-iron sculpture of a man wearing a suit and hat while holding a suitcase.

“Hear the Lone Whistle Moan” / “copacetic”

by Alison Saar

View two pieces paying homage to the Harlem Renaissance.

Work of Art

A tile mosaic in a subway station of drum majors in white uniforms dancing in formation.

“PARADE”

by Derek Fordjour

View an homage to historic parades through Harlem in this mosaic created in the New York City subway system.

Work of Art

A white tile mosaic mural of several Black people airborne above buildings.

“Flying Home: Harlem Heroes and Heroines”

by Faith Ringgold

View a fantastical homage to Harlem history through this work of art in the New York City subway.

Work of Art

The Freedmen’s Bureau and African American Families

by Justene Hill Edwards

Understand the roles the Freedmen’s Bureau played in supporting African American families and communities.

Essay

Four maps of the United States with net loss or gain in African American population by city or region.

Largest African-American Migrations, by Metropolitan Area, 1975–2000

by Michael Siegel and Rutgers Cartography

Visualize demographic shifts in the African American population since the Great Migration.

Thematic Map

/ap-african-american-studies/unit-3/twentieth-century-black-migration/urban-rural-communities-1890-1930

African Americans in Urban and Rural Communities, 1890–1930

by Michael Siegel and Rutgers Cartography

Visualize data that shows the impact of the Great Migration.

Thematic Map