The Civil Rights Movement: Major Events and Legacies
by James T. Patterson
Read an overview of the landmark moments of the Civil Rights Movement in the twentieth century.
“Hidden Practices”: Frederick Douglass on Segregation and Black Achievement, 1887
by Edward L. Ayers
Analyze a letter written by Frederick Douglass describing his feelings on Black progress.
The Slave Narratives: A Genre and a Source
by David W. Blight
Examine narratives such as Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in this essay.
A Place in History: Historical Perspective on Martin Luther King Jr. Day
by James Oliver Horton
Read about the historical context for the formation of the modern civil rights movement and leadership.
The First Age of Reform
by Ronald G. Walters
Learn more about the debates related to colonization in the context of other antebellum reform movements.
African Americans and Emancipation
by Manisha Sinha
Explore the role of military service during the Civil War on emancipation and abolition.
Different Perspectives on the Civil Rights Movement
by Anthony J. Badger
Read about the different ways historians have challenged the dominant narrative of the Civil Rights movement since the 1960s.
The Discovery of the Americas and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
by Ira Berlin
Explore the origins of the transatlantic slave trade and the plantation system.
James Forten, Sailmaker
by Julie Winch
Read about James Forten, an African American craftsman and businessman in nineteenth-century Philadelphia who employed an integrated workforce.
Mary Ellen Pleasant, Freedom-Fighting Entrepreneur
by Lynn M. Hudson
An introduction to Mary Ellen Pleasant, an abolitionist and businesswoman who flourished on the East and West Coasts.
Jeremiah G. Hamilton, Wall Street’s First Black Millionaire
by Shane White
Explore Jeremiah Hamilton’s career, including his response to the Draft Riots of 1863.
Black Women in Entrepreneurship
by Andrea Smith-Hunter
Learn about the challenges and opportunities Black women entrepreneurs face, from financial barriers to networking, mentorship, and growth.
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