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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

Howard of Effingham, Francis Howard, Baron (1643-1695) Proposition to the Mohawks, Senecas, Onondagas, and Oneidas

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Gilder Lehrman Collection #: GLC03107.01933 Author/Creator: Howard of Effingham, Francis Howard, Baron (1643-1695) Place Written: Albany, New York Type: Manuscript document Date: 1684/07/30 Pagination: 7p. + docket 32.7 x 21.1 cm Order a Copy

Effingham condemns the Indians for repeatedly breaking their covenant with Coll. Coursey and invading Virginia and Maryland, where they have robbed and plundered English settlements. He explains, however, that he has worked with Thomas Dongan, the Governor of New York, and has decided to make a new and stronger peace with the Indians. In this peace, Effingham demands that the Indians call all of their men out of Virginia, and promise to never attack the English, or their Indian allies, ever again.

Dongan, Thomas, 1634-1715
Howard, Francis, 1643-1695

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