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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

Wilson, Woodrow (1856-1924) [Sentence commutation for Fernando Robert Edward Ludicke, convicted for violating the Espionage Act on 18 September 1918]

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Gilder Lehrman Collection #: GLC06598 Author/Creator: Wilson, Woodrow (1856-1924) Place Written: Washington, D.C. Type: Document signed Date: 22 April 1919 Pagination: 2 p. ; 35.5 x 24.1 cm Order a Copy

Fernando Ludicke, alias Robert Edwards, was convicted of violating the espionage Act of June 15, 1917 in the U.S. District Court of Western Pennsylvania and sentenced to 18 months to be served in the Maryland State Penitentiary at Baltimore, Maryland. Wilson commuted his sentence to expire immediately; no reason given. Countersigned by A. Mitchell. Printed document with blanks filled in with type.

Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924
Palmer, Alexander Mitchell, 1872-1936

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