Thanksgiving

Thanksgiving

The Plymouth colonists and the Wampanoag shared an autumn feast in 1621 that served as the basis for what we now celebrate as Thanksgiving. Though the event continued to be celebrated, first across the colonies and then the United States, it was not until 1863 that President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving Day a national holiday.

 

Explore the history of Thanksgiving, from its origins through its evolution into a recognized federal holiday on the fourth Thursday of November.

 

 

Image: Louis M. Glackens, “Thanksgiving 1904,” Puck, November 23, 1904 (Library of Congress)

Illustration shows a young woman with a shotgun over her left shoulder and carrying a dead turkey.

Featured Video

Thanksgiving: Another Serving

Harvard professor and New Yorker staff writer Jill Lepore describes how, within a single generation, relations between the settlers and the Wampanoags declined from the fabled First Thanksgiving to a devastating war. Lepore notes: “When Philip himself was killed in August of 1676 over half of all the English towns in New England had been destroyed. In fact, in proportion to population, King Philip’s War was the most fatal war in American history.”

Featured Resources

Lesson Plan: Pilgrims, the Plymouth Colony, and Thanksgiving, 1608–1621

Students will analyze primary and secondary sources related to the voyage of the Pilgrims to America aboard the Mayflower, the writing of the Mayflower Compact, and the origins of Thanksgiving.

Primary Source: Thanksgiving Proclamation, 1863

Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation encouraging Americans to observe the last Thursday in November as a Day of Thanksgiving. Explore the document and its history through this spotlight on a primary source.

Essay: A History of the Thanksgiving Holiday

In this History Now essay, award-winning historian and University of Texas professor Catherine Clinton traces the development of Thanksgiving as a quintessentially American tradition that has become an official part of our national identity.

Additional Resources

Courses

Self-Paced Courses

Self-Paced Courses offer graduate-level online instruction in American history by eminent historians. Courses are available to watch or listen to on your own time and at your own pace. Teachers can also get certificates for CEU credits.

Essays

Other Gilder Lehrman Essays

Historical Documents

Spotlights on Primary Sources

Each Spotlight on a document from the Gilder Lehrman Collection provides explanatory text, a transcript, and an image of the featured document.

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Book Breaks

Book Breaks is a free weekly public program where hosts interview scholars about their new books.

Inside the Vault

Inside the Vault highlights unique primary sources from the Gilder Lehrman Collection each month.