Their Full Measure

Common Core State Standards

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.6-8.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.8.2: Analyze the purpose of information in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind its presentation.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2.B: Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, connecting insights gained from specific details to an understanding of the text as a whole.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2: Determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.11-12.1: Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one,in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 11-12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and, expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.11-12.2: Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) in order to make informed decisions and solve problems, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source and noting any discrepancies among the data.

CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.11-12.2: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content..

Essential Question

Despite the obstacles, why did these Veterans and service members choose to serve?

How did these Veterans and service members contribute to the success of the United States military?

How did many of these Veterans and service members contribute to American society outside of their duties in the military?

Documents

Margaret Corbin’s Pension, 1779, Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, vol. 14, ed. Worthington C. Ford et al.

Holly A. Mayer, “Women and Wagoners: Camp Followers in the American War for Independence,” History Now 21 (Fall 2009)

James Lafayette’s Pension Application, 1818

Kate Egner Gruber, “Black Spies of the American Revolution: The Very Nature of Espionage Is Secrecy,” American Battlefield Trust, February 3, 2022

A Letter from Pierre L’Enfant to George Washington, September 11, 1789

“Foreign Fighters for the American Cause of Independence,” American Battlefield Trust

Pension Application Testimony by Timothy Lockwood’s Widow, 1844, Case Files of Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Applications Based on Revolutionary War Service, ca. 1800–ca. 1912

“Music in the Revolutionary War,” George Washington’s Mount Vernon

“Arrival of Miss Pauline Cushman,” Louisville Daily Journal, December 3, 1863

Pauline Cushman, The Romance of the Great Rebellion: The Mysteries of the Secret Service: a Genuine and Faithful Narrative of the Thrilling Adventures, Daring Enterprises, Hairbreadth Escapes, and Final Capture and Condemnation to Death by the Rebels, and Happy Rescue by the Union Forces, of Miss Major Pauline Cushman, the Famous Federal Scout and Spy, in the Department of the Cumberland

“Wounded Indians, Fredericksburg, Virginia, [1864],” Brady’s National Photographic Portrait Gallery of War Views, published by E. & H.T. Anthony & Co., New York, 1864

1860 US Census, Emmet County, Michigan, population schedule, Bear Creek, p. 30, dwelling #449, family #176, Joseph Naboneossing [Nabawnayasang]

Charles Moore, “The Days of Fife and Drum,” Historical Collections: Collections and Researches Made by the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, vol. 28 (Lansing: Michigan Historical Commission, 1900)

Camp Chesebrough, Baltimore, MD, 1st Rgt. Connecticut Cavalry, E. Sachse & Co., Baltimore, MD, 1863

Osceola Pochontas Enlistment Papers, Volunteer Enlistment Certificate, Osceola Pochontas, January 6, 1864

Edward Day Cohota, ca. 1880s, and with William E. Low (last two living members of Co. I, 23rd Reg. Mass. Volunteers reunited in Gloucester, Massachusetts), 1928

“Personal,” National Tribune, October 2, 1890, page 4

Sam A. Cooley, 29th Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, US Colored Troops, near Beaufort, S.C. [1864]

United States Surgeon General’s Office, The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (1861–1865), Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1875

“USS Vermont, Receiving ship at New York after the Civil War,” Naval History and Heritage Command, NH 93915

General Orders No. 71, January 15, 1866, in M. S. Thompson, comp., General Orders and Circulars Issued by the Navy Department, from 1863 to 1887 (Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1887), p. 43

“The Conscript Bill! How to Avoid It!! U.S. Navy,” 1863, National Archives and Records Administration

“Riflemen, Attention!” Bridgton Reporter Press, Portland, Maine, 1861

“To Colored Men!” National Archives and Records Administration, RG 94: Records of the Adjutant General’s Office 1762–1984, Letters Received 1863–1888, Consolidated File for Major Martin Delaney, 107th USCT Infantry Regimen

“First Lieutenant James Reese Europe and the 369th Infantry Regiment band returning to the US, February 12, 1919,” by Underwood & Underwood, NY, National Archives and Records Administration

Walter Donaldson, Joe Young, and Sam M. Lewis, “How ’ya gonna keep ’em down on the farm?” (New York: Waterson, Bernstein and Snyder, 1919)

World War I Draft Registration Card for Louis Santop Loftin, June 1, 1917, New York, NY, War Department. Office of the Provost Marshal General. Selective Service System. 1917-7/15/1919, National Archives and Records Administration

Louis Santop, in Philadelphia Hilldale uniform, ca. 1918–1926, National Baseball Hall of Fame Library

William F. Walker, “Remarks to the Screen Producers Guild,” 1953, Box 1, Bill Walker papers, American Heritage Center

“Aurelious P. Alberga,” Transcript of an interview conducted on December 7, 1976, by Albert S. Broussard

Executive Order 10450—Security requirements for Government employment, April 27, 1953, Executive Orders, Office of the Federal Register, National Archives

Letter from Frank E. Kameny to President Lyndon B. Johnson, October 23, 1965, The Library of Congress

Negro Personnel, Hull and Cambridge, England, April 15, 1945, Motion Picture 111-ADC-3998; Moving Images Relating to Military Activities, 1947–1964

Major Charity E. Adams and Captain Mary Kearney inspect the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, February 15, 1945

US Congress, House, To Award a Congressional Gold Medal to the Members of the Women’s Army Corps Who Were Assigned to the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion, Known as the “Six Triple Eight,” HR 1012, 117th Cong., 1st sess., introduced in House February 11, 2021

Letter from Dr. Hector Garcia to Lyndon Johnson, January 10, 1949

Telegram from Lyndon Johnson to Dr. Hector Garcia, January 11, 1949

Letter from John J. Herrera to Lyndon Johnson, January 13, 1949

Joe Rosenthal, “Second Flag Raising on Iwo Jima,” [Ira Hayes on far left], February 23, 1945

C. C. Beale, “Now…All Together,” War Finance Division, US Government Printing Office, 1945

Peter La Farge, “The Ballad of Ira Hayes,” Edward B. Marks Company, 1962

James E. Webb and Robert McNamara to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, “Recommendations for Our National Space Program: Changes, Policies, Goals,” May 8, 1961

“The Remington Rand Univac 1,” photograph by the Franklin Life Insurance Company, in Martin Weik, “A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems,” Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 1115, March 1961

Watkins v. U.S. Army, 875 F.2d 699, 731-32 (9th Cir. 1989)

“A patrol of ‘C’ Company, 65th Infantry Regiment returns to camp with enemy guerrillas captured by the Puerto Ricans on the outskirts of Yong Hung,” Stars and Stripes, Pacific edition, December 9, 1950

Department of Defense Directive, No. 1304.26, Qualifications for Enlistment, Appointment, and Induction, December 21, 1993 (updated March 4, 1994)

8 USC §1439: Naturalization through Service in the Armed Forces, US Code 8 (2018)

Memorandum for Secretaries of the Military Departments, Direct Ground Combat and Assignment Rule (1994) and Elimination of the 1994 Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule (2013)