495 items
Senator Patrick McCarran (D−NV) was seething after Congress renewed the 1948 Displaced Persons Act in 1950. Incensed, McCarran wrote to his daughter: “I met the enemy and he took me on the DP bill. It’s tough to beat a million or more...
Expelling the Poor: The Antebellum Origins of American Deportation Policy
Dehumanizing insults to foreigners, aggressive enforcement of immigration law by overzealous officials, and tragic family separation routinely appear in immigration-related news in the United States today. At the center of the present...
From the Editor
In this issue, our scholars have taken on the difficult task of examining America’s immigration policies across the centuries. From their essays we learn that modern debates over exclusion, restriction, and deportation are not new;...
The Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail
Sometimes excavating American history involves more virtual digging than it does plying the soil with trowels. Sometimes it’s less about reassembling broken pottery than it is about reassembling broken information that’s buried just...
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Historical Archaeology, Kingsley Plantation, and the Construction of Past Time
Archaeology is the study of the past—people and everything they were, their public acts and private hopes—or at least it is an earnest attempt to “construct” this past through a meticulous examination of material objects, the greater...
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Archaeology as History in the North Cascades Mountains
The North Cascades Mountains have a reputation as being steeper and more snow covered than most other mountains of the far western United States. Native people (also “American Indians” or “Native Americans”) thrived in these mountains...
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The Archaeological Excavation of the Stadt Huys Block in Lower Manhattan
The first large-scale archaeological excavation in New York City took place in the Wall Street district in 1979–1980. The project came about when the developers of the office building that became the headquarters of Goldman Sachs had...
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From the Editor
All historians are at heart detectives, carefully sifting through the records of the past we find in archives, museums, and sometimes musty attics. But letters, diaries, and speeches are far from the only sources that provide us the...
Every Citizen a Soldier: World War II Posters on the American Home Front
World War II posters helped to mobilize a nation. Inexpensive, accessible, and ever-present, the poster was an ideal agent for making victory the personal mission of every citizen. Government agencies, businesses, and private...
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"If Ever Two Were One": Anne Bradstreet's "To My Dear and Loving Husband"
Anne Bradstreet is famous for being the first American poet. But she did not think of herself as either "first" or "American." She did not even think of herself as a poet. We would call her a Puritan, a term adopted by their enemies...
From the Editor
Jewish Americans have made contributions to American society that far exceed their percentage of our country’s population. This is a minority culture that has touched every aspect of American society, from the arts, to medicine and...
James Forten, Sailmaker
The White visitor headed up the stairs to the large open space above the storerooms and merchants’ offices on Philadelphia’s South Wharves and introduced himself to James Forten, the “gentleman of color” he had heard so much about....
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Mary Ellen Pleasant, Freedom-Fighting Entrepreneur
Abolitionist and capitalist Mary Ellen Pleasant does not seem like the obvious choice for a lesson on Black entrepreneurship. Her work as a freedom fighter, boardinghouse keeper, and investor renders her atypical in histories of...
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"Prince of Darkness": Jeremiah G. Hamilton, Wall Street's First Black Millionaire
Jeremiah G. Hamilton was a Black man whose very existence flies in the face of our understanding of the way things were in nineteenth-century New York. He made his fortune as a broker. Although a pioneer, far from being some novice...
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Madam C. J. Walker: A Life of Reinvention
Nothing about Madam C. J. Walker’s origins would suggest that she would become the most famous Black businesswoman and philanthropist of her day. Indeed, for most of her life, the woman known as Madam C. J. Walker lived in fairly...
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The History of Black Entrepreneurship in Chicago
Chicago is unique among major American cities in that its first non-Native American resident, as well as its first entrepreneur, was Black. Although much of the life of Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable (1745–1818) remains unknown, his...
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The Challenges and Opportunities for Black Women Entrepreneurs in the Global Arena
The statistics on Black women-owned businesses in the United States are very impressive. A report from JP Morgan indicated that “the number of businesses owned by Black women grew 50% from 2014 to 2019, representing the highest growth...
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