123 items
War swept across Europe in the summer of 1914, igniting a global struggle that would eventually take nine million lives. World War I pitted the Allies (initially composed of Britain, France, Belgium, Serbia, and Russia, and eventually...
World War II
World War II was the central event of the twentieth century. It involved all six major continents, all three of the great oceans on the planet, scores of countries, and billions of people. It caused 57 million deaths and unimaginable...
The American Civil War
The Civil War marked a defining moment in United States history. Long simmering sectional tensions reached a critical stage in 1860–1861 when eleven slaveholding states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. Political...
The War for Independence
On July 4, 1774, exactly two years before the United States declared independence, a patriotic club in Worcester, Massachusetts, decided that each member should have in the ready two pounds of gunpowder and twelve flints. With the...
The Road to War
‘A house divided against itself can not stand’ I believe this government can not endure permanently, half slave, and half free . . . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it...
Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877
In 1877, soon after retiring as president of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant, embarked with his wife on a two-year tour of the world. At almost every location, he was greeted as a hero. In England, the son of the Duke of...
Postwar Politics and the Cold War
The late summer of 1945 marked the height of American power. The country that had suffered from dust bowls, economic depression, and a devastating attack on its Pacific naval fleet in the last decade-and-a-half emerged as the dominant...
America's Role in the World: World War I to World War II
Between World War I and World War II the United States emerged on the world stage as a superpower. This ascendancy had military, economic, humanitarian, and cultural dimensions. Some Americans expressed discomfort with this unwelcome...
The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945
Across the long arc of American history, three moments in particular have disproportionately determined the course of the Republic’s development. Each respectively distilled the experience and defined the historical legacy of a...
The Civil War and Reconstruction in the American West
The histories of the Civil War and of the emerging West were tangled together from their beginnings. Although the war was fought mostly in the East, the events that set it off were born of the expansion of the 1840s, and in turn the...
"I begin to see it": Lincoln the War President
In the spring of 1864, three years into the Civil War, it seemed that the Union was finally in a position to defeat the Confederacy, taking advantage of the significant losses the Confederacy had suffered in 1863. For three years,...
The Open Door Policy and the Boxer War: The US and China
By 1899, the United States had become a world power. It was not only the world’s greatest industrial nation, but in the war with Spain it had demonstrated a willingness to use its power militarily. It had acquired possessions near and...
Suggested Resources on World War I and the Zimmermann Telegram from the Archivist
Professor Neiberg has written extensively on World War I. Of his many books, Fighting the Great War: A Global History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2006) will be most helpful in teaching the topics discussed in this essay. Although this...
The Fight for LGBT Rights after World War II
The oppression of LGBT Americans did not begin in the post–World War II decades, but they faced increasingly systematic exclusion from public life, in part resulting from the Cold War political climate of fear and distrust of people...
"The Merits of This Fearful Conflict": Douglass on the Causes of the Civil War
In the spring of 1871, Frederick Douglass was worried. Six years after Robert E. Lee had surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Grant was now President of the United States, the Union of northern and southern states was...
The Great Depression, the New Deal, and World War II in the American West
The Great Depression and World War II, far and away the worst economic calamity and the costliest foreign war in American history, profoundly affected every part of the United States. Changes in the West were especially obvious. From...
Elizabeth Varon - "Armies of Deliverance: A New History of the Civil War"
Elizabeth Varon is the Langbourne M. Williams Professor of American History and the associate director of the John L. Nau III Center for Civil War History at the University of Virginia. Order Armies of Deliverance at the Gilder...
Victoria Phillips - "Martha Graham's Cold War: The Dance of American Diplomacy"
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Catherine Clinton - "Stepdaughters of History: Southern Women and the American Civil War"
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Louis Menand - "The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War"
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Fay Yarbrough - "Choctaw Confederates: The American Civil War in Indian Country"
Fay Yarbrough is a professor of history at Rice University. Order Choctaw Confederates at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for supporting our...
David P. Cline - "Twice Forgotten: African Americans and the Korean War"
David P. Cline is a professor of history and director of the Center for Public and Oral History at San Diego State University. Order Twice Forgotten at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every...
Gary Gallagher - "The Enduring Civil War: Reflections on the Great American Crisis"
Gary Gallagher is the John L. Nau III Professor in the History of the American Civil War Emeritus at the University of Virginia. Order The Enduring Civil War at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from...
Caroline Janney - "Ends of War: The Unfinished Fight of Lee's Army after Appomattox"
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Adrian Brettle - "Colossal Ambitions: Confederate Planning for a Post-Civil War World"
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Bruce Levine - "Thaddeus Stevens: Civil War Revolutionary, Fighter for Racial Justice"
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Jim Downs - "Maladies of Empire: How Colonialism, Slavery, and War Transformed Medicine"
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Roger Lowenstein - "Ways and Means: Lincoln and His Cabinet and the Financing of the Civil War"
Roger Lowenstein is a financial reporter who has written for the Wall Street Journal and other publications. Order Ways and Means at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link...
Alice Baumgartner - "South to Freedom: Runaway Slaves to Mexico and the Road to the Civil War"
Alice Baumgartner is an assistant professor of history at the University of Southern California. Order South to Freedom at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided....
Chloe Melas - "The Luck of the Draw: My Story of the Air War in Europe"
Chloe Melas, the author of a new introduction for this edition of her grandfather’s work, is a journalist with CNN. Order Luck of the Draw at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through...
H. W. Brands - "Our First Civil War: Patriots and Loyalists in the American Revolution"
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Frank J. Cirillo - "The Abolitionist Civil War: Immediatists and the Struggle to Transform the Union"
Frank J. Cirillo is a historian of slavery and antislavery in the nineteenth-century United States. Order The Abolitionist Civil War at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the...
Jeremi Suri - "Civil War by Other Means: America's Long and Unfinished Fight for Democracy"
Jeremi Suri is the Mack Brown Distinguished Chair for Leadership in Global Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin and a professor in the Department of History and the LBJ School of Public Affairs. Order Civil War by Other Means...
Eric Foner - "The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Made the Constitution"
Eric Foner is the DeWitt Clinton Professor Emeritus of History at Columbia University. Order The Second Founding at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank...
Rick Atkinson - "The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775-1777"
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Ed Ayers - "The Thin Light of Freedom: The Civil War and Emancipation in the Heart of America"
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Thavolia Glymph - "The Women's Fight: The Civil War's Battles for Home, Freedom, and Nation"
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Buzz Bissinger - "The Mosquito Bowl: A Game of Life and Death in World War II"
Buzz Bissinger is a journalist who has won a Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting. Order The Mosquito Bowl at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank...
Craig L. Symonds - "Nimitz at War: Command Leadership from Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay"
Craig L. Symonds is a professor emeritus at the US Naval Academy. Order Nimitz at War at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for supporting our...
Clayton Butler - "True Blue: White Unionists in the Deep South during the Civil War and Reconstruction"
Clayton Butler earned his PhD in History from the University of Virginia in 2020 and was previously a postdoctoral fellow at the Nau Center for Civil War History. Order True Blue at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an...
Van Gosse - "The First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War
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Jeff Shesol - "Mercury Rising: John Glenn, John Kennedy, and the New Battleground of the Cold War"
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Mary Sarotte - "Not One Inch: America, Russia, and the Making of Post-Cold War Stalemate"
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Sarah Parry Myers - "Earning Their Wings: The WASPs of World War II and the Fight for Veteran Recognition"
Sarah Parry Myers is an assistant professor of history at Messiah University. Order Earning Their Wings at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for...
Julie Winch - "Between Slavery and Freedom: Free People of Color in America From Settlement to the Civil War"
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Jacqueline Jones - "No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston's Black Workers in the Civil War Era"
Jacqueline Jones is the Ellen C. Temple Professor of Women’s History Emerita at the University of Texas at Austin and a past president of the American Historical Association. Order No Right to an Honest Living at the Gilder Lehrman...
Chad Williams - "The Wounded World: W. E. B. Du Bois and the First World War"
Chad Williams is the Samuel J. and Augusta Spector Professor of History and African and African American Studies at Brandeis University. Order The Wounded World at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from...
Jonathan W. White - "Shipwrecked: A True Civil War Story of Mutinies, Jailbreaks, Blockade-Running, and the Slave Trade"
Jonathan W. White is a professor of American studies at Christopher Newport University. Order Shipwrecked at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for...
Bruce Henderson - "Bridge to the Sun: The Secret Role of the Japanese Americans Who Fought in the Pacific in World War II"
Bruce Henderson is an American journalist and author of more than thirty nonfiction books, including a #1 New York Times bestseller. Order The Bridge to the Sun at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from...
Matthew F. Delmont - "Half American: The Epic Story of African Americans Fighting World War II at Home and Abroad"
Matthew F. Delmont is the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Professor of History at Dartmouth College. Order Half American at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided...
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